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全文字数：1652字
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上期划线句答案
These foodsmay beminimally altered by removal of inedible parts, drying, crushing, roasting, boiling, freezing, or pasteurization, to make them suitable to store and safe to consume.
通过去除不可食用的部分、干燥、挤压、烘烤、煮沸、冷冻或巴氏消毒等方法对这些食物进行最低限度的改变，令其适于存储且保证食用安全。
本期内容
双语阅读
The discipline’s imperialism – its tendency to claim the territory of fields adjacent to economics as its own – is abugbearof social scientists. In the 1990s economics could plausibly claim to be moving towards a science of business. A realistic theory of the firm was in prospect. Alas, three decades on, it is no closer. Economics has rich models of competition and markets. But its powers still tend to falter once inside the factory gate or office building.
这门学科的帝国主义——它往往将经济学的相关领域都视为自家领地——一向为社会科学家所诟病。在1990年代，经济学似乎有理由声称即将实现商业科学的大一统。一个关于公司的现实理论正呼之欲出。可惜三十年过去了，这样理论却毫无长进。经济学中有着丰富的竞争和市场模型。但一旦走入工厂大门或写字楼，其威力往往就会土崩瓦解。
It is worth asking why. Economics is – or at least is supposed to be – about the allocation of scarce resources. In neoclassical theory, markets take centre stage. The factors of production (land, labour and capital) and the supply and demand of goods and services move in response to price signals from market exchange. Resources go to the most profitable use.
其原因值得一问。经济学是——或者至少应当是——稀缺资源的分配。在新古典主义理论中，市场处于中心位置。生产要素(土地、劳动力和资本)以及商品和服务的供求随着市场交换的价格的信号而变化。资源会流向利润最大的地方。
That is the theory. It has a glaring omission, as Ronald Coase, an economist,pointed outin a paper in 1937. Much of the allocation of resources in economies occurs not in markets but within firms. The prime movers are employees. They are directed not by price signals but by administrativefiat.
理论就是这样。正如经济学家罗纳德·科斯在1937年的一篇论文中所指出的，这一理论有一个明显的漏洞。经济活动中的大部分资源配置不是在市场中进行的，而是在公司内部进行的。公司内部的主要推动者是员工。他们不受价格信号的指导，而受行政命令的指导。
There are reasons for this. One is academic prestige. Economics likes to see itself as a foundational discipline, like physics, not a practical one, like engineering. But most of what makes for a flourishing business cannot be captured in a tight theory with a few equations. Often it is a matter of how well ideas, information and decision-making spread throughout the firm. And pay is not the only motivation. Strong businesses are shaped by shared values and common ideas about the right way to do things—by corporate culture. Peopletake pride intheir work and their workplace. These are not natural subjects for economists.
这是有原因的。原因之一是学术声望。 经济学喜欢将自己这门学科视为基础学科，例如物理学，而非实用学科，如工程学。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~ 通常企业的成功取决于思路、信息和决策在整个公司的传播程度。薪酬并不是唯一的动力。强大的企业是由共同价值观和正确行事的共同理念——企业文化——塑造的。人们为自己的工作和工作单位感到自豪。这些不是经济学家的自然课题。
Nor is economics comfortable with the specificity of business problems. Solving them is more than a simple matter of establishing the right economic incentives. It requires detailed knowledge of technology, processes and competitors as well as social psychology and political trends. Economics is never enough. Many of the influences on any topical business issue—which tech firm will win the AI race, say—lie outside itspurview.
经济学也不能适应商业问题的特殊性。解决这些问题不仅仅是建立正确的经济激励机制这么简单。它需要对技术、流程和竞争对手以及社会心理和政治趋势有详细的了解。仅仅靠经济学是远远不够的。任何热门商业问题的很多影响因素，比如哪家科技公司将在人工智能竞赛中获胜，都不在这门学科的能力范围之内。
本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）
发布时间：2023.05
作者：Economy
原文标题：Why economics does not understand business
词汇积累
1.bugbear
英/ ˈbʌɡbeə(r) /美/ ˈbʌɡber /
n.怪物；棘手的难题；恐惧或烦恼的原因
2.fiat
英/ ˈfiːæt; ˈfiːət /美/ ˈfiːɑːt /
n.命令；许可；政法
3.purview
英/ ˈpɜːvjuː /美/ ˈpɜːrvjuː /
n.范围，权限；视界；条款
词组搭配
1.point out 指出：提醒某人注意某事物或某个问题，通常是为了纠正错误或提供帮助。
2.take pride in 以……为荣
写作句总结
原句：Solving them is more than a simple matter of establishing the right economic incentives.
结构：Solving XXX(problem) is more than a simple matter of doing sth.
解决XX问题并非做XXX事这么简单。
例句：Solving the climate crisis is more than a simple matter of reducing our carbon footprint.
阅读理解题
Which of the following best explains why economics struggles with understanding firms?
A. Economics focuses too much on academic prestige
B. Economics cannot capture the importance of shared values and corporate culture
C. Economics is uncomfortable with the specificity of business problems
D. Economics has a tendency to claim territory outside its own
C。题目问的是经济学难以理解企业，A项无法解释；B项错误，文中承认了价值观和企业文化的重要性，只是这些并非经济学家的自然课题，并非无法理解其重要性。D项，并非无法理解企业的根本原因。
打卡作业
在草稿纸上翻译文章中的划线句，完成每日的打卡练习！下期推送会公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~
外刊君为同学们汇总了《经济学人》，戳码回复“J88”，下载pdf源文件。
（戳码回复“J88”）
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应用经济学考研学校排名(应用经济学考研学校排名211)
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